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Fractal characteristic evaluation and interpolation reconstruction for surface topography of drilled

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 840-854 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0643-5

摘要： In this paper, an improved fractal interpolation model is proposed to reconstruct the surface topography of composite hole wall. This model adopts the maximum positive deviations and maximum negative deviations between the measured values and trend values to determine the contraction factors. Hole profiles in 24 directions are measured. Fractal parameters are calculated to evaluate the measured surface profiles. The maximum and minimum fractal dimension of the hole wall are 1.36 and 1.07, whereas the maximum and minimum fractal roughness are 4.05 × 10 ⁻⁵ and 4.36 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ m, respectively. Based on the two-dimensional evaluation results, three-dimensional surface topographies in five typical angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 165°) are reconstructed using the improved model. Fractal parameter D _s and statistical parameters Sa, Sq, and Sz are used to evaluate the reconstructed surfaces. Average error of D _s, Sa, Sq, and Sz between the measured surfaces and the reconstructed surfaces are 1.53%, 3.60%, 5.60%, and 9.47%, respectively. Compared with the model in published literature, the proposed model has equal reconstruction effect in relatively smooth surface and is more advanced in relatively rough surface. Comparative results prove that the proposed model for calculating contraction factors is more reasonable.

关键词： surface topography fractal evaluation fractal interpolation reconstruction composite

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Development of surface reconstruction algorithms for optical interferometric measurement

Dongxu WU, Fengzhou FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第1期页码 1-31 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0602-6

摘要： Optical interferometry is a powerful tool for measuring and characterizing areal surface topography in precision manufacturing. A variety of instruments based on optical interferometry have been developed to meet the measurement needs in various applications, but the existing techniques are simply not enough to meet the ever-increasing requirements in terms of accuracy, speed, robustness, and dynamic range, especially in on-line or on-machine conditions. This paper provides an in-depth perspective of surface topography reconstruction for optical interferometric measurements. Principles, configurations, and applications of typical optical interferometers with different capabilities and limitations are presented. Theoretical background and recent advances of fringe analysis algorithms, including coherence peak sensing and phase-shifting algorithm, are summarized. The new developments in measurement accuracy and repeatability, noise resistance, self-calibration ability, and computational efficiency are discussed. This paper also presents the new challenges that optical interferometry techniques are facing in surface topography measurement. To address these challenges, advanced techniques in image stitching, on-machine measurement, intelligent sampling, parallel computing, and deep learning are explored to improve the functional performance of optical interferometry in future manufacturing metrology.

关键词： surface topography measurement optical interferometry coherence envelope phase-shifting algorithm

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Recognition of diamond grains on surface of fine diamond grinding wheel

HUO Fengwei, JIN Zhuji, KANG Renke, GUO Dongming, YANG Chun

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第3期页码 325-331 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0071-9

摘要： The accurate evaluation of grinding wheel surface topography, which is necessary for the investigation of the grinding principle, optimism, modeling, and simulation of a grinding process, significantly depends on the accurate recognition of abrasive grains from the measured wheel surface. A detailed analysis of the grain size distribution characteristics and grain profile wavelength of the fine diamond grinding wheel used for ultra-precision grinding is presented. The requirements of the spatial sampling interval and sampling area for instruments to measure the surface topography of a diamond grinding wheel are discussed. To recognize diamond grains, digital filtering is used to eliminate the high frequency disturbance from the measured 3D digital surface of the grinding wheel, the geometric features of diamond grains are then extracted from the filtered 3D digital surface, and a method based on the grain profile frequency characteristics, diamond grain curvature, and distance between two adjacent diamond grains is proposed. A 3D surface profiler based on scanning white light interferometry is used to measure the 3D surface topography of a #3000 mesh resin bonded diamond grinding wheel, and the diamond grains are then recognized from the 3D digital surface. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is reasonable and effective.

关键词： topography frequency disturbance filtering analysis wavelength

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Relative vibration identification of cutter and workpiece based on improved bidimensional empirical mode decomposition

Jiasheng LI, Xingzhan LI, Wei WEI, Pinkuan LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第2期页码 227-239 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0587-1

摘要： In the process of cutting, the relative vibration between the cutter and the workpiece has an important effect on the surface topography. In this study, the bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) method is used to identify such effect. According to Riesz transform theory, a type of isotropic monogenic signal is proposed. The boundary data is extended on the basis of a similarity principle that deals with serious boundary effect problem. The decomposition examples show that the improved BEMD can effectively solve the problem of boundary effect and decompose the original machined surface topography at multiple scales. The characteristic surface topography representing the relative vibration between the cutter and the workpiece through feature identification is selected. In addition, the spatial spectrum analysis of the extracted profile is carried out. The decimal part of the frequency ratio that has an important effect on the shape of the contour can be accurately identified through contour extraction and spatial spectrum analysis. The decomposition results of simulation and experimental surface morphology demonstrate the validity of the improved BEMD algorithm in realizing the relative vibration identification between the cutter and the workpiece.

关键词： bidimensional empirical mode decomposition spatial spectrum analysis boundary effect vibration identification surface topography

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Grindability of high-temperature alloy with ceramic alumina wheels

ZHANG Hongxia, CHEN Wuyi, CHEN Zhitong

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第2期页码 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0040-3

摘要： The grindability of high-temperature alloy by using ceramic alumina wheels is studied on the basis of extensive analysis of the grinding force, grinding temperature, surface roughness and topography of ground surfaces, residual stress, hardness distribution of surface layer, and morphology of the surface layer from a metallographic point of view. The grinding burn mechanism of high-temperature alloy is unveiled and the feasible grinding parameters to avoid burning are analyzed. Some conclusions are obtained as follows. Increasing the grinding depth or the wheel velocity makes grinding temperature and residual tensile stress of the surface rise, which deteriorates the surface topography. Appropriate liner velocity of the wheel is 18–22 m/s and the depth of grinding should not exceed 0.02 mm in grinding GH2132 alloy with ceramic alumina wheels to assure the surface quality. When increases enough to cause grinding burn, the strengthening effect of particles ′ in base decrease and the micro-hardness of the surface is obviously lower than that of the base material, which deteriorates the mechanical properties and heat resistance of GH2132 alloy. Results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for technical optimization in the grinding of high-temperature alloy with high efficiency and high quality.

关键词： metallographic topography grinding GH2132 resistance decrease

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组织工程模板中的生物相容性途径 Perspective

David F. Williams

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第2期页码 286-290 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.007

摘要：

组织工程通过系统结合分子信号和力学信号对特定靶细胞进行有意可控刺激以组建新的组织，通常需要借助由生物材料构建的结构传递这些信号，并对生成的组织块塑形。这些结构之前被称为支架，如今被更准确地命名为模板，其规范却难以定义，主要因为该规范必须涉及为细胞组建新组织提供适宜的微环境，以及细胞与模板材料的相互作用符合构建新型可存活组织的需求。这些特点统称为生物相容性。然而，传统生物相容性的理论和公认机制（大多通过可移植的医学装置进行实验得出）不足以解释在组织工程过程中的现象。本文作者近期在特定的基于材料、生物学的途径方面重新定义了生物相容性。本文以上述途径为前提讨论了组织工程生物相容性的机制。

关键词：生物材料支架机械力转导炎症拓扑

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Cell surface protein engineering for high-performance whole-cell catalysts

Hajime Nakatani,Katsutoshi Hori

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 46-57 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1609-3

摘要： Cell surface protein engineering facilitated by accumulation of information on genome and protein structure involves heterologous production and modification of cell surface proteins using genetic engineering, and is important for the development of high-performance whole-cell catalysts. In this field, cell surface display is a major technology by exposing target proteins, such as enzymes, on the cell surface using a carrier protein. The target proteins are fused to the carrier proteins that transport and tether them to the cell surface, as well as to a secretion signal. This paper reviews cell surface display systems for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the perspective of carrier proteins, which determine the number of displayed molecules, and the localization, size, and direction ( or terminal anchoring) of the passengers. We also discuss advanced methods for displaying multiple enzymes and a new method for the immobilization of whole-cell catalysts using adhesive surface proteins.

关键词： cell surface engineering surface display whole-cell catalysts bioprocess

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An Exploration of Surface Integrity Remanufacturing for Aeroengine Components

Qiao Xiang,Yong He,Ting-hong Hou

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 107-114 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016025

摘要： Surface integrity is the major factor impacting on the operation quality, service life and reliability of the aeroengine components. The surface integrity of aeroengine component is damaged by the failures such as crack, deformation, oxidation, corrosion, erosion, and microstructural degeneration. It adopts advanced remanufacturing technologies to restore or improve the surface integrity and regenerate these high value parts. This paper firstly puts forward the concept, namely surface integrity remanufacturing for aeroengine components, and its connotation. The key remanufacturing technologies have been developed to repair the components with surface damages. Ultimately, some application examples of surface integrity remanufacturing technologies as well as their effects in aeroengine maintenance are introduced. The discarded components have been reused and their service lives have been extended and their reliability has been increased by implementing surface integrity remanufacturing. It has realized “The Repaired Components Outpacing the New Ones”, material saving, energy saving, and emission reduction.

关键词： aeroengine component surface integrity remanufacturing surface integrity remanufacturing

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Review on mechanism and process of surface polishing using lasers

Arun KRISHNAN, Fengzhou FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第3期页码 299-319 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0535-0

摘要： Laser polishing is a technology of smoothening the surface of various materials with highly intense laser beams. When these beams impact on the material surface to be polished, the surface starts to be melted due to the high temperature. The melted material is then relocated from the ‘peaks to valleys’ under the multidirectional action of surface tension. By varying the process parameters such as beam intensity, energy density, spot diameter, and feed rate, different rates of surface roughness can be achieved. High precision polishing of surfaces can be done using laser process. Currently, laser polishing has extended its applications from photonics to molds as well as bio-medical sectors. Conventional polishing techniques have many drawbacks such as less capability of polishing freeform surfaces, environmental pollution, long processing time, and health hazards for the operators. Laser polishing on the other hand eliminates all the mentioned drawbacks and comes as a promising technology that can be relied for smoothening of initial topography of the surfaces irrespective of the complexity of the surface. Majority of the researchers performed laser polishing on materials such as steel, titanium, and its alloys because of its low cost and reliability. This article gives a detailed overview of the laser polishing mechanism by explaining various process parameters briefly to get a better understanding about the entire polishing process. The advantages and applications are also explained clearly to have a good knowledge about the importance of laser polishing in the future.

关键词： laser polishing surface roughness process parameters mechanism

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Tribological study on the surface modification of metal-on-polymer bioimplants

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0682-6

摘要： The tribological performance of artificial joints is regarded as the main factor of the lifespan of implanted prostheses. The relationship between surface roughness and coefficient of friction (COF) under dry and lubricated conditions is studied. Results show that under dry test, friction coefficient is not reduced all the time with a decrease in surface roughness. On the contrary, a threshold of roughness value is observed, and frictional force increases again below this value. This critical value lies between 40 and 100 nm in S_a (roughness). This phenomenon is due to the transfer of friction mechanisms from abrasion to adhesion. Under wet test, COF always decreases with reduction in surface roughness. This result is mainly attributed to the existence of a thin layer of lubricant film that prevents the intimate contact of two articulating surfaces, thus greatly alleviating adhesion friction. Furthermore, surface texturing technology is successful in improving the corresponding tribological performance by decreasing friction force and mitigating surface deterioration. The even-distribution mode of texturing patterns is most suitable for artificial joints. By obtaining the optimal surface roughness and applying texturing technology, the tribological performance of polymer-based bioimplants can be greatly enhanced.

关键词： artificial joints surface roughness friction surface texturing

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Hysteretic behavior of cambered surface steel tube damper: Theoretical and experimental research

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 606-624 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0925-6

摘要： A novel cambered surface steel tube damper (CSTD) with a cambered surface steel tube and two concave connecting plates is proposed herein. The steel tube is the main energy dissipation component and comprises a weakened segment in the middle, a transition segment, and an embedded segment. It is believed that during an earthquake, the middle weakened segment of the CSTD will be damaged, whereas the reliability of the end connection is ensured. Theoretical and experimental studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed CSTD. Formulas for the initial stiffness and yield force of the CSTD are proposed. Subsequently, two CSTD specimens with different steel tube thicknesses are fabricated and tested under cyclic quasi-static loads. The result shows that the CSTD yields a stable hysteretic response and affords excellent energy dissipation. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of the steel tube height, diameter, and thickness on the seismic performance of the CSTD. Compared with equal-stiffness design steel tube dampers, the CSTD exhibits better energy dissipation performance, more stable hysteretic response, and better uniformity in plastic deformation distributions.

关键词： cambered surface steel tube damper energy dissipation capacity finite element model hysteretic performance parametric study

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Materials and surface engineering to control bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation: A review of recent

Huan GU, Dacheng REN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 20-33 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1412-3

摘要： Bacterial adhesion to surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation are a leading cause of chronic infections and biofouling. These processes are highly sensitive to environmental factors and present a challenge to research using traditional approaches with uncontrolled surfaces. Recent advances in materials research and surface engineering have brought exciting opportunities to pattern bacterial cell clusters and to obtain synthetic biofilms with well-controlled cell density and morphology of cell clusters. In this article, we will review the recent achievements in this field and comment on the future directions.

关键词： surface engineering materials bacterial adhesion biofilm control review

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Dynamic response surface methodology using Lasso regression for organic pharmaceutical synthesis

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 221-236 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2061-y

摘要： To study the dynamic behavior of a process, time-resolved data are collected at different time instants during each of a series of experiments, which are usually designed with the design of experiments or the design of dynamic experiments methodologies. For utilizing such time-resolved data to model the dynamic behavior, dynamic response surface methodology (DRSM), a data-driven modeling method, has been proposed. Two approaches can be adopted in the estimation of the model parameters: stepwise regression, used in several of previous publications, and Lasso regression, which is newly incorporated in this paper for the estimation of DRSM models. Here, we show that both approaches yield similarly accurate models, while the computational time of Lasso is on average two magnitude smaller. Two case studies are performed to show the advantages of the proposed method. In the first case study, where the concentrations of different species are modeled directly, DRSM method provides more accurate models compared to the models in the literature. The second case study, where the reaction extents are modeled instead of the species concentrations, illustrates the versatility of the DRSM methodology. Therefore, DRSM with Lasso regression can provide faster and more accurate data-driven models for a variety of organic synthesis datasets.

关键词： data-driven modeling pharmaceutical organic synthesis Lasso regression dynamic response surface methodology

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Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0875-5

摘要： Two types of amphiphilic nanoparticles were prepared via silanization reaction. Amphiphilic nanoparticles tend to protrude from membrane matrix by segregation. Blending with amphiphilic nanoparticles further enhances membrane hydrophilicity. Excessive silanization cause adverse effect on blending efficiency. Membrane modification is one of the most feasible and effective solutions to membrane fouling problem which tenaciously hampered the further augmentation of membrane separation technology. Blending modification with nanoparticles (NPs), owing to the convenience of being incorporated in established membrane production lines, possesses an advantageous viability in practical applications. However, the existing blending strategy suffers from a low utilization efficiency due to NP encasement by membrane matrix. The current study proposed an improved blending modification approach with amphiphilic NPs (aNPs), which were prepared through silanization using 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) as coupling agents and ZnO or SiO as pristine NPs (pNPs), respectively. The Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of appropriate organic components in both the ZnO and SiO aNPs, which verified the success of the silanization process. As compared with the pristine and conventional pNP-blended membranes, both the ZnO aNP-blended and SiO aNP-blended membranes with proper silanization (100% and 200% w/w) achieved a significantly increased blending efficiency with more NPs scattering on the internal and external membrane surfaces under scanning electron microscope observation. This improvement contributed to the increase of membrane hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, an extra dosage of the TMSPMA led to an encasement of NPs, thereby adversely affecting the properties of the resultant membranes. On the basis of all the tests, 100% (w/w) was selected as the optimum TMSPMA dosage for blending modification for both the ZnO and SiO types.

关键词： Membrane modification Nanoparticle Hydrophilic Amphiphilic Blending

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Radiative properties of materials with surface scattering or volume scattering: A review

Qunzhi ZHU, Hyunjin LEE, Zhuomin M. HANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 60-79 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0011-3

摘要： Radiative properties of rough surfaces, particulate media and porous materials are important in thermal engineerit transfer between surfaces and volume elements in participating media, as well as for accurate radiometric temperature measurements. In this paper, recent research on scattering of thermal radiation by rough surfaces, fibrous insulation, soot, aerogel, biological materials, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was reviewed. Both theoretical modeling and experimental investigation are discussed. Rigorous solutions and approximation methods for surface scattering and volume scattering are described. The approach of using measured surface roughness statistics in Monte Carlo simulations to predict radiative properties of rough surfaces is emphasized. The effects of various parameters on the radiative properties of particulate media and porous materials are summarized.

关键词： aerogel fiber particle scattering radiative properties soot surface roughness